Hyperpigmentation is a common, usually harmless condition in which patches of skin become darker in color than the normal surrounding skin. This darkening occurs when an excess of melanin, the brown pigment that produces normal skin color, forms deposits in the skin. Hyperpigmentation can affect the skin color of people of any race.

There are several types of hyperpigmentation, the most common being melasma, sunspots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Melasma is often triggered by hormonal changes and is common during pregnancy. Sunspots, also known as liver spots or solar lentigines, are related to excess sun exposure over time. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs after an injury or inflammation of the skin, such as cuts, burns, or acne.

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, certain medications, and skin injuries. It can be exacerbated by sun exposure, which stimulates melanin production. While hyperpigmentation is not usually harmful, it can be a cosmetic concern for many people. Treatments include topical creams, laser therapy, and chemical peels, which aim to reduce the appearance of dark spots and even out skin tone. Prevention strategies include sun protection and avoiding skin trauma.